资料： The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem. As the gene
题目
资料： The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor. People are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are Old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line. Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non－poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.
For the time being, what is the last solution to guarantee the basic standard of living?
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor. People are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are Old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line. Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non－poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.
For the time being, what is the last solution to guarantee the basic standard of living?
A.The growing national economy
B.The tax collections from the non-poor classes
C.More choices of selectable job vacancies
D.Goverrnment’s investments on the poor to improve their working skills
B.The tax collections from the non-poor classes
C.More choices of selectable job vacancies
D.Goverrnment’s investments on the poor to improve their working skills
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更多“资料： The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of povert”相关问题
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第1题：
The best title for the text is _______.（ ）
[A] The Problem of World Poverty
[B] Mr. Sumner's Research of Poverty
[C] The Poverty of Middle,income Countries
[D] The Financial Aid of the World Poverty
正确答案：A
本文最合适的标题是____。
[A]世界贫困问题
[B]萨姆纳先生关于贫困的研究
[C]中等收入国家的贫困问题
[D]全球贫困的金融救助
答案解析：[A]主旨大意题。主旨大意题可以通过速读每一段的主题句来归纳概括，不难看出本文通篇在讲全球贫困问题的严峻性，并试图找到解决办法，作者通过引用数据说明贫困情况的变化和加剧，而且通过前几道题目的分析，我们很容易抓住文章主旨——就是世界贫困问题，因此[A]为正确答案。
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第2题：
共用题干
Inflation
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices.______(51) your money buys fewer goods so that you get______(52)for the same amount of money as before,inflation is the problem.There is a general rise______(53)the price of goods and services.Your money buys less.Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when"a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore".
Inflation is a problem for all consumers.People who live on a fixed income are hurt the ______(54).Retired people,for instance,cannot count on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to______(55)their needs in time of inflation.Retirement income______(56)any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices.Many retired people must cut their spending to______(57)rising prices.In many cases they must stop______(58)some necessary items,such as food and clothing. Even ______(59)working people whose incomes are going up,inflation can be a problem. The ______(60)of living goes up,too.People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more.When incomes do not keep ______(61)with rising prices,the standard of living goes down.People may be earning the same amount of money,but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes ______(62)the rate of change can be determined.A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a______(63)year as the base.The base price is set at 100,and the other prices are reported as a______(64)of the base price.A price index makes______(65)possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods,for example,with prices of the same goods in previous years._________(60)
A:price
B:level
C:cost
D:standard答案：C解析：文章说到通货膨胀是一个“阶段”，因此这里需要填写一个表示时间的关联词。本句意思是“当你用同样的钱数买到的东西比以前少的时候，通货膨胀就发生了”。因止匕选D。
根据句子关系和词语提示进行判断。本句上半句中的fewer可作提示词， less是little的比较形式，与fewer相对应。下句中的your money buyes less是更直接的提示。因此选D。
根据词语搭配和上下文线索提示。介词in与相应的名词裕配使用表示 “在……方面增长或减少”。本段第二句有类似的表达that causes rapid rises in prices。
根据上下文意思和词语逻辑，这里需要一个表示“最大”含义的词。本句意思是“依赖固定收入的人受影响最大”。因此选C。
根据词语习惯搭配。meet one's needs“满足需要”。此处的意思是“不再工作的老年人在通货膨胀时期要想退休金满足生活需求”。因此选A。
根据句子的逻辑。retirement income属于fixed income, or连接两个前后表达属于同类范畴的词。本句意思是“退休金和其他固定收入通常没有物价上涨得快”。因此选A。
根据上下文含义和句子逻辑，本句需要填一个表示“跟上”的词，因此要选keep up with。本句意思是“很多退休的人必须削减一些开支来跟上上涨的物价”。因此选D。
根据上下文意思和词语用法，stop后面接动名词表示“不再做某事”，本句意思是“很多情况下他们不再买一些生活必需品”。因此选B。
根据语法逻辑，本句是状语部分前置，正常语序是：Inflation can be a problem even for working people whose incomes are going up.for指“对于……来说”。本句意思是 “甚至对于那些有工作，工资也在上涨的人来说，通货膨胀也是一个问题”。
根据词语搭配和上下文意思，应选cost“成本”。本句意思是“生活成本上升了，工作的人们必须花更多的钱保证自己的生活质量”。
keep pace with指“跟上”，与keep up with同义。本句意思是“当工资和物价上涨不同步时，生活质量就下降”。因此选B。
此空填的是由from加which引导的定语从句，本句意思是“政府机构收集经济生活中的价格信息，以消费指数形式发布，由此，比率的变化就可以确定”。因此选B。
given在这里指“给定的，一定的”，符合题目要求。本句意思是“将特定年份的价格作为基数就可以衡量物价的变化”。
根据词语搭配和上下文线索选percentage“百分比”。本句意思是“其他物价按照这个基数形成一个百分比数字”。
根据语法原则选it , it在这里是形式宾语，代替不定式“to compare current prices of typical consumer goods with prices of the same goods in previous years"。本句意思是“消费指数能够将某种商品的目前价格与往年的做比较”。 -
第3题：
Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.37.London School of Economics holds the view thatA.more jobs should be introduced to poor people.
B.women can raise their social status by giving livestock.
C.poor people are involved into complex social relationships.
D.business training are necessary for low-income people.答案：D解析：事实细节题。第二段第四句提到“伦敦经济学院的研究人员发现，当给一群孟加拉国女性提供商业培训及免费家畜的时候，不但她们自己的收入增加了……”，故D项是正确选项。【干扰排除】文中并未提到“伦敦经济学院认为应该给穷人介绍更多的工作”，故A项排除；B项“妇女可以通过提供家畜来提高社会地位”与原文第二段第四句中“当给一群孟加拉国女性提供商业培训及免费家畜的时候，不但她们自己的收入增加了”的信息不符，故B项错误；文中讨论的是穷人因为缺乏社会关系而贫困，所以C项“穷人被卷进复杂的社会关系中”错误。 -
第4题：
Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.40.Which ofthe following would be the best title for the text?A.Poor Neighbourhood Will Lead to Poverty ofNext Generation
B.Having Strong Social Bonds Eases Financial Deprivation
C.Income Will Block Social Mobility ofPoor People
D.Get Rid of Social Discrimination to Low-Income People答案：B解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讨论的是社会关系对贫困的影响，Financial Deprivation指的正是财务匮乏问题，故B项为正确答案。【干扰排除】A项“贫困社区会导致下一代的贫困”，在文中没有提到；C项“收入将阻碍贫困人口的社会流动性”不是文章讨论的内容；D项“摆脱对低收人人群的社会歧视”不是文章讨论的重点。因此，这三个选项都不是最佳标题，故均排除。 -
第5题：
Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401（k）s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer.
In the last paragraph,the author shows his about senior poverty problem.A.incapability
B.worry
C.anxiery
D.agony答案：B解析：态度方向题。根据定位词定位到文章最后一段。该段最后三句指出，当前的老年贫困浪潮可能只是一个开始。这可能会对经济产生更大的影响。如果现在的中产阶级家庭在退休后缩减开支，那么整个经济都会受到影响，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“无能为力”、C项“焦虑”和D项“苦恼”均与作者态度不符，故均排除。 -
第6题：
Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401（k）s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer.
People in their mid-60s have to cut down their spending because_____A.their social status is getting lower
B.their retirement plan failed
C.they are in their downward course oflife
D.they face a shortage of savings and pensions答案：D解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段首句。该句提到，这意味着，当人们达到65岁左右时．他们要么不得不大幅度削减开支，要么继续工作才能生存。That指代上文的内容，所以原因在第二段中。第二段说他们没有足够的积蓄和养老金，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“他们的社会地位越来越低”，原文未提及；第二段最后一句提到其他工人无法通过雇主获得退休计划，而非B项“他们的退休计划没有通过”；C项“他们正处在人生的下坡路”，文中是说他们只是为了在老年时能够生存，而削减开支，而是不因为“他们的人生正在走下坡路”，利用doWnward作干扰，故排除。 -
第7题：
资料： The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor. People are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are Old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line. Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non－poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.
We may conclude from the passage that _______A.poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do business
B.welfare will enable people to be rich
C.employment is the best solution to the poverty problem
D.better solutions to the poverty problem are not found yet答案：D解析：本题考查的是判断推理。
【关键词】conclude; from the passage
【主题句】第二段Therefore, even with today's relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below
the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living.（因此，即使今天有相对较高的生活水平，大约有百分之十的美国人处于贫困线以下。然而，如果他们有稳定的工作，就会满意自己的生活水平。）；倒数第二段The government collects taxes from the non－poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare.（政府从非贫困人口中征税，把钱分给穷人。我们把这些给穷人的费用称为福利。）；最后一段Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.（一些经济学家寻找更好解决贫困问题的方法。然而目前，许多人依靠福利勉强糊口。）
【解析】第5题问“我们可以从文章推断出什么？”。A选项“如果穷人有机会做生意，他们就会走出贫困线。”文章第三段第三句话说“如果穷人有稳定的工作，他们就会满意自己的生活水平，”这里并没有说他们要去做生意，属于过度推测，所以A选项排除；B选项“福利会使人们富裕”。文章在倒数第二段涉及到福利（welfare），但并未说给福利会让人变有钱，也属于过度推测，故排除；C选项“就业是解决贫困的最佳方法”。文章在最后一段第一句提到“一些经济学家寻找更好解决贫困问题的方法”，换言之，目前没有最好解决贫困的方法；D选项“人们尚未发现更好解决贫困的方法”，最后一段第一句说经济学家仍然在寻找解决问题的方法，言外之意目前并未出现解决贫困的最佳方法，所以D选项和原文信息一致。 -
第8题：
资料： The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor. People are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are Old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line. Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non－poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.
The author’s main purpose to write this article is_____A.to give several possible solutions to the problem of poverty
B.to explain why some people in the United States are below the poverty line
C.to show sympathy for those poor people
D.to give the definition of “poverty line”答案：A解析：本题考查的是主旨大意。
【关键词】main purpose;to write this article
【主题句】第一段Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.经济学家为了找到问题解决方法，研究了贫困的原因。
第二段Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs. 经济学家提出了几个为什么穷人没有工作的原因。倒数第三段 At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. 目前，政府认为它可以通过以下方式减少该国的贫困。最后一段 Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living. 一些经济学家正在寻求更好的解决贫困问题的办法。但是，目前很多人依靠福利来达到最低限度的可接受的生活水平。
【解析】题干问“作者写这篇文章的主要目的是什么？”。本道题考察对于全文主旨大意的理解。A选项意为“给出一些可能的贫困问题解决方法” B选项意为“解释为什么一些美国人生活在贫困线以下”C选项意为“表达了对于穷人的同情”；D选项“解释什么是贫困线。” 根据主题句可知，文章主要围绕着贫困问题，从贫困标准线、贫困原因、解决贫困问题措施依次展开，重点是要探索如何找到更好地解决贫困问题的方法，选项B中引用美国情况只是作为案例分析，不是根本写作目的；选项C未提及；选项D只是在开头交代，不符合题意。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Inflation
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices.________(51)your money buys fewer goods so that you get________(52)for the same amount of money as before,inflation is the problem. There is a general rise________(53)the price of goods and services.Your money buys less.Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when"a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore".
Inflation is a problem for all consumers.People who live on a fixed income are hurt the ________(54).Retired people,for instance,cannot count on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to________(55) their needs in time of inflation.Retirement income________(56)any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices.Many retired people must cut their spending to________(57)rising prices.In many cases they must stop________(58)some necessary items,such as food and clothing. Even________(59)working people whose incomes are going up,inflation can be a problem.The________(60)of living goes up,too.People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living.Just buying the things they need costs more.When incomes do not keep________(61)with rising prices,the standard of living goes down.People may be earning the same amount of money,but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes ________(62)the rate of change can be determined.A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a________(63)year as the base.The base price is set at 100,and the other
prices are reported as a________(64)of the base price.A price index makes________(65)
possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods,for example,with prices of the same
goods in previous years._________(56)
A:or
B:and
C:excluding
D:including答案：A解析：由于上文说到通货膨胀是一个“阶段”，因此这里需要填写一个表示时间的关联词。本句话的意思是“当你用同样的钱买到比以前少的东西时，通货膨胀就发生了”, 因此选D。
根据句子关系和词语提示，本句上半句中的“fewer”可作提示词，“less”是 “little”的比较形式，与“fewer”相配。下句中的“your money buys less”是更直接的提示，因此选D。
根据词语搭配和上下文线索提示。介词“in”与相应的名词搭配使用表示 “在……方面增长或减少”。本段第二句有类似的表达“that causes rapid rises in prices”。
根据上下文和逻辑关系，这里需要一个表示“最大”含义的词。本句话的意思是为“依赖固定收入的人受影响最大”，因此选C。
根据词语习惯搭配。“meet one's needs”满足需要。本句话的意思是“不再工作的老年人在通货膨胀时期要靠工资满足需求”，因此选A
根据句子的逻辑。“retirement income”属于“fixed income” , “or”连接两个前后表达属于同类范畴的词。本句话的意思是“退休金和其他固定的收入通常没有物价上涨得快”，因此选A。
根据上下文含义和句子逻辑，本句需要填一个表示“跟上”的词，因此要选“keep up with”。本句话的意思是“很多退休的人必须削减一些开支来跟上上涨的物价”，因此选D
“stop”后面接动名词表示“不再做某事”，这句话的意思是“很多情况下他们不再买一些生活必需品”，因此选B。
根据语法逻辑，本句是状语部分前置，正常语序是“Inflation can be a problem even for working people whose incomes are going up ”。 “for”指“对于……来说”。本句话的意思是“甚至对于那些有工作，工资在上涨的人来说，通货膨胀也是一个问题”。
根据词语搭配和上下文意思，选“cost：成本”，本句话的意思是“生活成本上升了，工作的人们必须花更多的钱保证自己的生活质量”。
“ keep pace with”指“跟上”，与“keep up with”同含义。本句话的意思是 “当工资和物价上涨不同步时，生活质量就下降”，因此选B。
此空填的是由“from'，加“which”引导的定语从句，本句话的意思是“政府机构收集经济生活中的价格信息，将它发布为消费指数，通过这样比率的变化就可以确定”。因此选C。
"given”在这里指“给定的，一定的”，符合题目要求。本句话的意思是“通过特定一年的价格作为基数就可以衡量物价的变化”。
根据词语搭配和上下文线索选“百分比，percentage"。本句话的意思是 “其他物价按照这个基数成为一个百分比数字”。
根据语法原则选“it” ,“ it”在这里是形式宾语，代替不定式“to compare current prices of typical consumer goods with prices of the same goods in previous years”。本句话的意思是“消费指数能够将某种商品的目前价格与往年的价格做比较”。 -
第10题：
We often get（）when people cut in line.
Aannoying
Bannoyed
Cto annoy
Dannoy
B
略 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 3 Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoint, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks (“ ”). You should write 160—200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Poverty today is a major global issue. Although there are all kinds of definitions used to explain it, in simple words, it means the inability of a person to even get his basic needs of food. shelter, clothing, safe drinking water, health and education. Poverty can be found in each and every corner of the world, although the causes may differ from country to country. Given below are the main causes of poverty in the world today. Overpopulation is one of the main causes behind the threatening of poverty on an individual level as well as a social level. This is simple math. If there are more mouths to feed and less income, definitely much will remain poor. Another theory which is used as an explanation for poverty is lack of education. If you look at any of the underdeveloped countries, you will find that the level of education there is very low. Lack of education means lack of employment opportunities, thus leading to unemployment coupled with poverty in the future. Moving away from one’s own homeland to another city or country in search of employment leads to poverty too. It may take these people a lot of time to find jobs. Meanwhile they live in bad conditions. The cost of living in the city or country is most of the time too high for them. There may be other causes of poverty like the change in business. For example, in America, a couple of decades ago, heavy industry flourished, which employed a lot of African-American people. But now, the focus is more on information technology and health care, both of which employ only skilled and trained people. This has led to unemployment among African-Americans. Poverty has many ill effects on society. That’s why steps should be taken to get rid of it!正确答案： 【范文】
The given excerpts mainly talk about the causes of poverty: overpopulation, lack of education, moving to other places and the change in business. Poverty issue has aroused the concern of every country in the world, for it can bring many negative effects on society.
The effects of poverty are most often interrelated. For instance, the effect of bad sanitation makes it easier to spread around old and new diseases, and hunger and lack of water make people more vulnerable to these diseases. Therefore, the whole society must take some steps to get rid of poverty so that all related effects on society can be removed.
In my opinion, first of all, the government should provide people more opportunities to get educated. Education can change one’s life as well as the condition of his whole family. Through education, people can get knowledge and skills to get jobs and get rich. Secondly, the government should improve the healthcare system. Only in this way can we make the poor have a good health. Last but not least, the government should increase the subsidies for agriculture. As most farmers live on farming, today in an age of industrialization, their living conditions are becoming harder.解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
共用题干
Inflation
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices.______(51) your money buys fewer goods so that you get______(52)for the same amount of money as before,inflation is the problem.There is a general rise______(53)the price of goods and services.Your money buys less.Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when"a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore".
Inflation is a problem for all consumers.People who live on a fixed income are hurt the ______(54).Retired people,for instance,cannot count on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to______(55)their needs in time of inflation.Retirement income______(56)any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices.Many retired people must cut their spending to______(57)rising prices.In many cases they must stop______(58)some necessary items,such as food and clothing. Even ______(59)working people whose incomes are going up,inflation can be a problem. The ______(60)of living goes up,too.People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more.When incomes do not keep ______(61)with rising prices,the standard of living goes down.People may be earning the same amount of money,but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes ______(62)the rate of change can be determined.A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a______(63)year as the base.The base price is set at 100,and the other prices are reported as a______(64)of the base price.A price index makes______(65)possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods,for example,with prices of the same goods in previous years._________(56)
A:or
B:and
C:excluding
D:including答案：A解析：文章说到通货膨胀是一个“阶段”，因此这里需要填写一个表示时间的关联词。本句意思是“当你用同样的钱数买到的东西比以前少的时候，通货膨胀就发生了”。因止匕选D。
根据句子关系和词语提示进行判断。本句上半句中的fewer可作提示词， less是little的比较形式，与fewer相对应。下句中的your money buyes less是更直接的提示。因此选D。
根据词语搭配和上下文线索提示。介词in与相应的名词裕配使用表示 “在……方面增长或减少”。本段第二句有类似的表达that causes rapid rises in prices。
根据上下文意思和词语逻辑，这里需要一个表示“最大”含义的词。本句意思是“依赖固定收入的人受影响最大”。因此选C。
根据词语习惯搭配。meet one's needs“满足需要”。此处的意思是“不再工作的老年人在通货膨胀时期要想退休金满足生活需求”。因此选A。
根据句子的逻辑。retirement income属于fixed income, or连接两个前后表达属于同类范畴的词。本句意思是“退休金和其他固定收入通常没有物价上涨得快”。因此选A。
根据上下文含义和句子逻辑，本句需要填一个表示“跟上”的词，因此要选keep up with。本句意思是“很多退休的人必须削减一些开支来跟上上涨的物价”。因此选D。
根据上下文意思和词语用法，stop后面接动名词表示“不再做某事”，本句意思是“很多情况下他们不再买一些生活必需品”。因此选B。
根据语法逻辑，本句是状语部分前置，正常语序是：Inflation can be a problem even for working people whose incomes are going up.for指“对于……来说”。本句意思是 “甚至对于那些有工作，工资也在上涨的人来说，通货膨胀也是一个问题”。
根据词语搭配和上下文意思，应选cost“成本”。本句意思是“生活成本上升了，工作的人们必须花更多的钱保证自己的生活质量”。
keep pace with指“跟上”，与keep up with同义。本句意思是“当工资和物价上涨不同步时，生活质量就下降”。因此选B。
此空填的是由from加which引导的定语从句，本句意思是“政府机构收集经济生活中的价格信息，以消费指数形式发布，由此，比率的变化就可以确定”。因此选B。
given在这里指“给定的，一定的”，符合题目要求。本句意思是“将特定年份的价格作为基数就可以衡量物价的变化”。
根据词语搭配和上下文线索选percentage“百分比”。本句意思是“其他物价按照这个基数形成一个百分比数字”。
根据语法原则选it , it在这里是形式宾语，代替不定式“to compare current prices of typical consumer goods with prices of the same goods in previous years"。本句意思是“消费指数能够将某种商品的目前价格与往年的做比较”。 -
第13题：
Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.39.German"multi-generational"community aims toA.reconnect old people and young men.
B.help poor people find jobs after training.
C.offer company to lonely old people.
D.provide job opportunities to poor people.答案：A解析：推理判断题。最后一段中提到“多代”社区，其主要目的是对接孤寡老人和贫穷青年，故选A项。【干扰排除】B项“帮助穷人在培训后找到工作”是美国的一项调查，不是德国“多代”社区的目的；C项“给孤独的老人提供陪伴”不是“多代”社区的目的；D项“向穷人提供工作机会”是美国社区的作用，不是德国“多代”社区的目的，故均排除。 -
第14题：
Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.36.The result by World Bank has revealed thatA.women are not lonely with friends.
B.Latin Americans are isolated with others.
C.isolation is also the cause of deprivation.
D.poverty is decided by cultural integration.答案：C解析：推理判断题。第一段第三句提到“研究发现，在提升幸福感方面，社会融合比收入更重要，而且社会融合也会减轻贫困”，社会融合也就是说人们之间不是处于孤立的状态，故选C项。【干扰排除】A项“女性与朋友在一起时不孤独”，在世界银行的调查中没有提到，可排除；文中说“拉丁美洲国家正在制定标准”，并未说拉丁美洲的人和其他人分离，故排除B项；D项“贫困是由文化的融合决定的”文中没有提到，只提到“社会融合也会减轻贫困”，故排除。 -
第15题：
Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.38.The drawback of not having proper friends lies inA.discrimination from the richest fifth.
B.loss ofchances to get university degrees.
C.no financial support from the govemment.
D.unhelpful social networks to get rid ofpoverty.答案：D解析：推理判断题。第三段第一句提到“反之，没有合适的朋友，可能会加剧困苦。贫穷越集中，社交网络就越无用”，故选D项。【干扰排除】第三段提到“受到歧视”的问题，但这是因为贫困而受到歧视，不是因为没有合适的朋友，故A项错误：第三段提到因为贫困，他有一个受到大学教育的朋友的概率就会减少三分之一以上，故B项“失去获得大学学位的机会”不是因为没有合适的朋友；C项在原文中没有相关信息。故均排除。 -
第16题：
Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401（k）s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer.
Which of the following is true about Roberta Gordon?A.She has been through a lot to live till now.
B.She often shops in grocery store,
C.She definitely dislikes working.
D.She is not alone in such a dilemma.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第二段首句。该句提到，越来越多的老年人发现自己处于类似的境地，所以陷入这种困境的并非Roberta Gordon一人，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】文章首句提到Roberta Gordon从未想过她会活过76岁，并不能推出A项；原文说的是她去当地的杂货店分发货样，而不是去购物，故B项排除；首段第二句表示，她绝对没想到自己在这个年纪仍然在工作，也不能推出C项。 -
第17题：
Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have not put enough money into their 401（k）s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive."This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me."They're going to go from being near poor to poor."The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses."In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me."Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age."This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer.
The word"curtail"（Para.3）most probably means._____A.retain
B.reduce
C.count
D.escape答案：B解析：词汇理解题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段首句。单词所在句句意为，这意味着，当人们达到60岁左右时，他们要么不得不大幅度开支，要么继续工作才能生存。可知，人们必须减少开支，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、C、D项代人原文均不符合文义，故均排除。 -
第18题：
资料： The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor. People are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are Old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line. Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non－poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.
what’s the meaning of the word “motivation” in paragraph 4?A.Confidence
B.Ability
C.Diligence
D.Willpowe答案：D解析：本题考查的是词意判断。
【关键词】meaning; motivation;paragraph 4
【主题句】第四段Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job. （一些贫困的成年人由于各种个人原因不去找工作；患有疾病，没有任何工作积极性，家庭问题，或者他们不认为自己能找到工作。）
【解析】第3题问“第四段的“motivation”含义是什么？”。首先，motivation的意思是“积极性，干劲”，一般指员工的工作积极性。A选项confidence表示“自信”；B选项ability表示“能力”；C选项diligence表示“勤奋”；D选项willpower表示“毅力，意志力”，只有D选项和motivation指的都是精神方面的动力。 -
第19题：
资料： The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor. People are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are Old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line. Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non－poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason of unemployment?A.some people are too young to work in many industries
B.some people are satisfied with the government welfare
C.some people don’t have motion to work
D.some people are not qualified to work答案：B解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】NOT; reason of unemployment
【主题句】第三段more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work.（超过一半的美国穷人不能胜任工作。）；By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries.（法律规定，十六岁以下的孩子在许多行业不能工作。）；第四段Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation…（一些贫困的成年人由于各种个人原因不去找工作；患有疾病，没有任何工作积极性…）
【解析】第2题问“根据文章，以下哪一项不是失业的原因？”。A选项“一些人年龄太小，不能在许多行业工作”和第三段的主题句“法律规定，十六岁以下的孩子在许多行业不能工作。”信息一致，排除；B选项“一些人对政府的福利满意”，该信息从未在文章提及，故答案是B; C选项“一些人没有工作积极性”和第四段的主题句“没有任何工作积极性”信息一致，排除；D选项“一些人不能胜任工作”和第三段主题句“超过一半的美国穷人不能胜任工作”信息相符。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Inflation
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices.________(51)your money buys fewer goods so that you get________(52)for the same amount of money as before,inflation is the problem. There is a general rise________(53)the price of goods and services.Your money buys less.Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when"a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore".
Inflation is a problem for all consumers.People who live on a fixed income are hurt the ________(54).Retired people,for instance,cannot count on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to________(55) their needs in time of inflation.Retirement income________(56)any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices.Many retired people must cut their spending to________(57)rising prices.In many cases they must stop________(58)some necessary items,such as food and clothing. Even________(59)working people whose incomes are going up,inflation can be a problem.The________(60)of living goes up,too.People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living.Just buying the things they need costs more.When incomes do not keep________(61)with rising prices,the standard of living goes down.People may be earning the same amount of money,but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes ________(62)the rate of change can be determined.A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a________(63)year as the base.The base price is set at 100,and the other
prices are reported as a________(64)of the base price.A price index makes________(65)
possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods,for example,with prices of the same
goods in previous years._________(60)
A:price
B:level
C:cost
D:standard答案：C解析：由于上文说到通货膨胀是一个“阶段”，因此这里需要填写一个表示时间的关联词。本句话的意思是“当你用同样的钱买到比以前少的东西时，通货膨胀就发生了”, 因此选D。
根据句子关系和词语提示，本句上半句中的“fewer”可作提示词，“less”是 “little”的比较形式，与“fewer”相配。下句中的“your money buys less”是更直接的提示，因此选D。
根据词语搭配和上下文线索提示。介词“in”与相应的名词搭配使用表示 “在……方面增长或减少”。本段第二句有类似的表达“that causes rapid rises in prices”。
根据上下文和逻辑关系，这里需要一个表示“最大”含义的词。本句话的意思是为“依赖固定收入的人受影响最大”，因此选C。
根据词语习惯搭配。“meet one's needs”满足需要。本句话的意思是“不再工作的老年人在通货膨胀时期要靠工资满足需求”，因此选A
根据句子的逻辑。“retirement income”属于“fixed income” , “or”连接两个前后表达属于同类范畴的词。本句话的意思是“退休金和其他固定的收入通常没有物价上涨得快”，因此选A。
根据上下文含义和句子逻辑，本句需要填一个表示“跟上”的词，因此要选“keep up with”。本句话的意思是“很多退休的人必须削减一些开支来跟上上涨的物价”，因此选D
“stop”后面接动名词表示“不再做某事”，这句话的意思是“很多情况下他们不再买一些生活必需品”，因此选B。
根据语法逻辑，本句是状语部分前置，正常语序是“Inflation can be a problem even for working people whose incomes are going up ”。 “for”指“对于……来说”。本句话的意思是“甚至对于那些有工作，工资在上涨的人来说，通货膨胀也是一个问题”。
根据词语搭配和上下文意思，选“cost：成本”，本句话的意思是“生活成本上升了，工作的人们必须花更多的钱保证自己的生活质量”。
“ keep pace with”指“跟上”，与“keep up with”同含义。本句话的意思是 “当工资和物价上涨不同步时，生活质量就下降”，因此选B。
此空填的是由“from'，加“which”引导的定语从句，本句话的意思是“政府机构收集经济生活中的价格信息，将它发布为消费指数，通过这样比率的变化就可以确定”。因此选C。
"given”在这里指“给定的，一定的”，符合题目要求。本句话的意思是“通过特定一年的价格作为基数就可以衡量物价的变化”。
根据词语搭配和上下文线索选“百分比，percentage"。本句话的意思是 “其他物价按照这个基数成为一个百分比数字”。
根据语法原则选“it” ,“ it”在这里是形式宾语，代替不定式“to compare current prices of typical consumer goods with prices of the same goods in previous years”。本句话的意思是“消费指数能够将某种商品的目前价格与往年的价格做比较”。 -
第21题：
单选题The author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph of the passage was to ______.Aexplain how cold viruses are transmitted
Bprove that a poor diet causes colds
Cdiscuss the relationship between income and frequency of colds
Danalyze the distribution of income among the people in the study
正确答案： A解析：
细节题。最后一段首句为总领句，该句指出“研究还发现经济条件也扮演一个重要角色”。接下来第二句描述了随着家庭收入的增加，患感冒的次数也会减少。由此可知该段主要描述收入水平和患感冒频度之间的联系，因此正确答案为C项。 -
第22题：
问答题Minimum wage is the lowest amount that employers can legally pay their workers per hour of labor. The first minimum wage law was passed in New Zealand in 1894. Since then, many other nations have adopted similar policies. In China, different provinces or cities have different minimum wages for their working citizens. These rates are not established randomly. In fact, they are the result of much research in economics, standard of living and inflation. Labor supply and the effects of unemployment are also considered when establishing a minimum wage. Some people support the policy of minimum wage, while others are against it. The following are opinions from both sides on this issue. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides, and then 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Many supporters of minimum wage say that it increases the standard of living and keeps people out of poverty. Those who are opposed to it tend to believe that it increases unemployment and harms less skilled workers. Minimum wage laws are established and upheld with certain goals. Those who support the laws believe that these goals are being adequately achieved and that this alone is enough justification to keep the laws in place. Minimum wage was initially established to reduce poverty. Establishing a minimum wage in China insures that people are paid properly for their work. Minimum wage also protects younger workers and minorities from being paid less than others to some extent. Supporters also believe that minimum wage stimulates consumption and thus puts more money into the economy by allowing low paid workers to spend more. They also believe that it may increase the work ethic of those who are paid little and thus benefit employers. It also encourages people to join the work force, rather than seek illegal means of earning money. People who are opposed to the idea of minimum wage believe that it is not accomplishing the goals designed to meet. In several instances, employment has decreased more than the increase in wages and thereby overall earnings are still reduced. Businesses are sometimes forced to hire fewer employees because they have to pay minimum wages. Thus, fewer people have jobs. Studies also show that very few low-wage workers actually come from families in poverty. Thus, minimum wage is more often imposed on the newly employed with the first job than on people who would otherwise be unemployed. Other opponents believe that it can cause inflation as businesses have to raise prices to accommodate the higher wages. They also believe it discourages further education of the poor.正确答案：
【参考范文】
My View on Minimum Wage A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers may legally pay to workers. Equivalently, it is the price floor below which workers may not sell their labor. Although minimum wage laws are in effect in many regions, different opinions exist about the benefits and drawbacks of a minimum wage. Supporters of the minimum wage say it increases the standard of living, reduces poverty, protects younger workers and minorities, stimulates consumption, increases the work ethic of those who are paid little and thus benefit employers, and encourages people to join the workforce rather than pursuing money through illegal means. In contrast, opponents of the minimum wage say it increases poverty, increases unemployment, harms less-skilled workers, causes price inflation and discourages further education of the poor.
As far as I am concerned, minimum wage brings more harm than good. First, it harms some businesses where the labor cost affects the profit a lot. For some businesses which lay on cheap labor, like cleaning services, security companies and retail trade, the minimum wage obviously pushes up their costs. Thus the businesses will probably raise the prices of goods and services. When consumers don’t accept the higher prices, the businesses will run into trouble. If the businesses absorb the cost themselves, they would suffer a reduction of profits, which may lead to bankrupt. Second, minimum wage increases the unemployment rate. In the short term, the salary of the low-skilled workers may be raised, but in the long run, it may lead to an increase in unemployment rate as employers may axe some jobs to minimize cost. They may even reduce their investments in the territory, which will lead to a reduction of job opportunities.
In conclusion, minimum wage is a critical issue that requires careful consideration. The government should balance the pros and cons to help families suffered from the economic crisis to regain their strength.解析：
【审题构思】
本篇的写作主题是对设定最低工资的看法，文章可以支持该做法也可以反对该做法，只要言之有理即可。以反对设定最低工资为例，论证时可分别陈述此做法的弊端，如会危及某些企业、提高失业率等。作文要求考生先总结材料中的观点，然后针对该话题发表自己的看法，最后进行总结。