Passage FourMost people do not think of fishes and other sea animals as having voices, and of those who are aware of the fact that many of them can "speak", few understand that these "conversations" have significance. Actually, their talk may be as meanin
题目
Passage Four
Most people do not think of fishes and other sea animals as having voices, and of those who are aware of the fact that many of them can "speak", few understand that these "conversations" have significance. Actually, their talk may be as meaningful as much of our own. For example, some sea animals use their "voices" to locate their food in the ocean expanses (广阔的区域); others use their "voices" to let their fellows know of their locations; and still others, as a means of obtaining mates. Sometimes, "speaking" may even mean the difference between life and death to a sea animal. It appears in some cases that when a predator (食肉动物) approaches, the prey (被捕的动物) depends on no more than the sounds it makes to escape.
Fish sounds are important to man, also. By listening to them, he can learn a great deal about he habits of creatures that make them, the size of the School they form, the patterns of their migrations, and the nature of the environments in which they live. He can also apply this nformation to the more effective utilization of the listening spots he has set up to detect enemy submarines (潜水艇). A knowledge of fish sounds can avoid confusion and unneeded effort when a "new" sound is picked up and the sound sentry (哨兵) must decide whether or not to call an alarm.
46. Among the people who know that many sea animals have voices, few ______.
A. know the meaning of their conversations
B. realize that they can communicate with each other
C. realize that they can make speeches
D. could understand their conversations
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更多“Passage Four Most people do not think of fishes and other sea animals as having voices, a ”相关问题
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第1题：
Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership ( 伙伴关系 ) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫 ) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals ( 珊瑚 ) of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants act as "dustman", taking some of the waste products form. the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are ever prevented from lighting so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.
1、Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ( ).
A、they can eat its parasites
B、 they depend on the sheep for existence
C、 they enjoy traveling with the sheep
D、 they find the position most comfortable
2、The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ( ).
A、birds and parasites
B、birds and sheep
C、parasites and sheep
D、sheep, birds and parasites
3、What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ( )
A、Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.
B、 Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.
C、 Some plants depend on each other for foo
D、 Some animals live better together.
4、What does this article talk about? ( )
A、Two kinds of animals for a partnership.
B、Most animals only have connection with animals.
C、The connection between the living things.
D、Corals have some connection with plants.
正确答案：1A 2B 3A 4C
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第2题：
Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. ( 10 points)
Do animals have rights.'? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground clearing way to start. 46) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—4or instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations.
In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says "I don' t like this contract" ?
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48 ) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consider- ation humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 49) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form. of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind' s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
46.____________________
正确答案：
[参考译文]事实井非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
[翻译技巧]省略法，非限制性定语从句的译法。
[翻译点评]it指前文所说事实，which引导的非限制性定语从句是对前面整句话内容的说明。
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第3题：
Communication is important because it can help people to ______.
A.understand the world and other people better around us.
B.teach each other to speak, write, read and draw.
C.know what other people are thinking about
D.learn about mountains,blue sea and other things.
正确答案：A
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第4题：
The coastal State may，where necessary having regard to the safety of navigation，require foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through its territorial sea to use such ______ as it may designate or prescribe for the regulation of the passage of ships．
A.contiguous zones
B.the territorial sea
C.coastal sea
D.sea lanes and traffic separation schemes
正确答案：D
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第5题：
--____________work in future?
--I have no idea.A.Where do you think will people
B.Where do you think people will
C.Do you think where will people
D.Do you think where do people答案：B解析：考查特殊疑问句。do you think为插入语，插入语一般放于句子中间，可排除C、D选项，插入语虽然不作成分，但是由于它的介入，句式结构也会有所影响，后面宾语从句需要用陈述语气。故选B。 -
第6题：
共用题干
The Sea
What do you know about the sea?We know that it looks very pretty when the sun is shining on it.We
also know that it can be very rough when there is a strong wind.What other things do we know about it?The
first thing to remember is that the sea is very big.When you look at the map of the world you will find there
is more water than land.The sea covers three quarters of the world.
The sea is also very deep in some places.It is not deep everywhere.Some parts of the sea are very shal-
low.But in some places the depth of the sea is very great.There is one spot,near Japan,where the sea is
nearly 11 kilometers deep!The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high.If that mountain
were put into the sea at that place,there would be 2 kilometers of water above it！What a deep place!
If you have swum in the sea,you know that it is salty.You can taste the salt,Rivers,which fi0w into the
sea.carry salt from the land into the sea.Some parts of the sea are saltier than other parts,There i、one sea,
called the Dead Sea,which is very salty.It is so salty that swimmers cannot sink!Fish cannot live in the
Dead Sea!
In most parts of the sea,there are plenty of fishes and plants.Some live near the top of the sca.Othurs
live deep down.There are millions of tiny living things that float in the sea.These floating things are so small
that it is hard to see them.Many fish live by eating them.
The sea can be very cold.Divers,who go deep down in the sea,know this.On the top the water may be
warm.When the diver goes downwards,the sea becomnes colder and colder. Another thing happens.When the
diver goes deeper,the water above presses down on him.It squeezes him.Then the diver has to wear clothes
made of metal.But he cannot go very deep.Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving
ship!They went down to the deepest part of the sea in it.They went down to a depth of eleven kilometers!The deeper one goes down in the sea,the fewer fishes and plants he can find.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：第一段说“当阳光普照大海时大海看起来很美丽”，但并没说“风平浪静”时也是如此。
第一段的最后一句话说海洋覆盖了地球四分之三的面积，由此可推知陆地只占地球 25％的面积。
第二段涉及大海的深度，但并没说到“平均深度”。
第二段说死海咸度大，鱼类不能生存，但并没说所有生物都不能生存。
第四段说在绝大多数海域，有丰富的鱼类和植物，有些生活在海洋表层，有些居住在深 海，因此说越往海洋深处鱼类和植物越少是没有道理的。
由第五段可知潜水员潜得越深，其承受的水压就越大。
文章结尾说潜水员潜往深水区时，乘坐极其坚固的潜水船是为了抵抗水压而不是为了 防寒。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第7题：
问答题◆Topic 9: Primary Functions of University Education Questions for Reference: 1. Most people think that teachers should teach students how to judge right and wrong and how to behave well. Please discuss this view. 2. Why do you think lots of teachers pay much more attention to teaching students academic subjects than other aspects? 3. What’s your opinion of the primary functions of university education? Why do you think so?正确答案： 【参考答案】
There is no doubt that helping students find a job is one of the primary functions of university education, but universities do exist for other purposes such as improving students’ analytical skills and raising students’ moral standards.
A university education can be seen as a process of improving students’ analytical thinking. The variety of courses offered at university inspires students in various ways, therefore improving their analytical ability. For example, science courses such as math and biology help students develop a rational way of thinking whereas arts courses such as literature let students ponder over issues from a logical, multi-dimensional perspective; and courses in social sciences force students to recognize the ideas that have been traditionally assumed to be acceptable and unproblematic. With the development of these types of analytical thinking, graduates can face future challenges with more confidence and enthusiasm.
Also, university education is expected to improve students’ moral standards. This is rooted in universities? Belief that students’ awareness of responsibility towards their community and their country is of high importance. In this ever-degrading society and civilization, students are encouraged actively participate in improving the local community. A university that provides care and facilities for physically disadvantaged students may inspire the graduates to better handle situations in the future where they may have to interact with the disabled community. A successful university education is supposed to produce morally sound graduates, therefore increasing their employability.
In conclusion, university education not only helps students locate a decent job but will also develop other qualities such as enhancing their analytical skills and cultivating their hunger and spirit for life.解析： 暂无解析 -
第8题：
单选题Does Mr. Bacon think the British spend more money on their animals than their children?AYes, the British people are very animal-minded.
BNo, a group of people are cruel to their animals.
CIt depends on the people.
正确答案： B解析：
根据回答It depends on the people可知是因人而异。 -
第9题：
问答题How do older people think of younger people’s habits?正确答案： Given the two generations lived in the totally different environment ,I bet their living habits are different from us in many aspects. I am not sure what older people think of us. I guess that they might think we are a bit spoiled and can’t endure hardships. Since our lives are easier and we have many opportunities to enjoy a lot of entertainment. I’ve heard some of them complain that since the one-child policy we are a bit too spoiled. They often complain that we never work hard and we don’t show as much respect to older people as they did when they were young.解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
单选题The passage is primarily concerned with ______.Ainforming readers of different sea creatures
Bdescribing predatory microscopic organisms
Csolving some long-lasting mysteries about the sea
Ddiscussing the environment for various fishes
正确答案： B解析：
文章主旨题。通读全文可知本文主要围绕Microscopic organisms展开，该篇文章谈到这种微生物的发现；它如何杀死鱼类；对人类有何影响以及进一步研究的必要性。因此选项B符合题意。 -
第11题：
单选题Does Mr. Bacon think animals are good for people’s health?AYes, they are companion to old people.
BNo.
CNot mentioned.
正确答案： B解析：
由Bacon的回答可知他认为动物能给老人作伴，对于他们的健康有好处。 -
第12题：
单选题According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by _____.Aasking older people many questions
Blistening to skilled people's advice
Cmaking mistakes and correcting them
Ddoing what other people do
正确答案： C解析： -
第13题：
most of australia’s unique plants and animals are imported from other continents. ()
参考答案：错误
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第14题：
Questions 61-65 are based on Passage Two:
Passage Two
New rules and behavior. standards(行为规范) for middle school students came out inMarch． The Middle School is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are． The best students won't only have high marks． They should not dye（染） their hair,smoke ordrink because they are students． The following are some of the new rules．
Have you ever copied someone else's work in an exam? Don't do that again! That's not something an honest student should do．
Do more at school． Good students love animals and care for other people． April is Birdloving Month in China． Is your school cloing anything to celebrate it? You should join!And you can learn more about animals and how to protect them． Be friendly to the people around you． Try to think of others,not only yourself．
Be open to new ideas． Do you think people can live on the moon? Maybe you'll find another earth someday． Don't look down on new ideas． Everyone's ideas are important． You should welcome them,because new ideas make life better for everyone．
Protect yourself． Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don't let it happen to you．lf you have to go home late,you should let your parents know．
Use the Internet carefully． The Internet can be very useful for students． But some things on the Internet aren't good for children,so try to look at web pages (网页) that are good foryou．
What's the meaning of "look down on" in the passage? ( )
A． 向下看
B．轻视
C．在……上面看
D．上下打量
正确答案：B
B[解析]ACD项和new ideas搭配意思都不合适，只有“轻视”符合逻辑。所以答 案选B。 -
第15题：
Which of the following statements can best be inferred from the passage?
A. Fishes only "speak" to communicate with each other.
B. Researches are now being made to study the significance of fish sounds.
C. Sea animals have a sharper hearing ability than men.
D. Sounds made by fish cannot be transmitted through the air.
正确答案：B
答案为 B。根据第一段第二至第五句， Actually， their talk may be as meaningful as much of our own．For example，some sea animals use their "voices" to locate their food in the ocean expanses；others use their "voices" to let their fellows know of their locations；and still others，as a means of obtaining mates．Sometimes, "speaking" may even mean the difference between life and death to a sea animal．It appears in some cases that when a predator approaches，the prey depends on no more than the sounds it makes to escape 作出该项选择。选项 A中only不确切；选择 C和D在文中都没提到。 -
第16题：
The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than（ ）.A.there are most other states
B.most other states which have
C.most other states have
D.having most other states答案：C解析：该题考查句子结构。从题干及选项可以看出，空格处要填的内容是与Maine州的气温做比较，根据一致原则排除A、D选项，B不符合定语从句构成，故答案为C。 -
第17题：
Most of us entirely value human life，____________ some people think of animals as being equally important.A.and
B.or
C.but
D.unless答案：C解析：选项A意为“并且”；选项B意为“或者”；选项C意为“但是”；选项D意为“除非”。根据题干，空格处需要体现转折的连词，题目意为“我们大多数人完全重视人的生命，但是有些人认为动物同样重要。”故选项C符合题意。
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第18题：
问答题Practice 8 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Some people think people have benefited from modern communications technology, but other people think some people have not benefited at all. To what extent do you agree or disagree? You should write at least 250 words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Daily communication tools make the distance between people shrink. There are various ways such as mobile phones, Facebook, Twitter and E-mail which changes our life from daily life to work style. As for the dramatic and rapid changes, people in all walks of life hold different opinions. Personally, it is a must to be tolerant of the new technological innovations.
It is undeniable that all these high-tech tools can alienate the virtual interpersonal relationship that exists between people. If we want to tell somebody something, we do not have to really see him, and we can send a short message, a E-mail, or leave one on Facebook. Regardless of the convenience, face-to-face conversations are still one of the best ways to understand each other.
High technologies provide us with more choices which can yield higher efficiency, which can be illustrated from three perspectives. Firstly, it is a useful time-saver for people greatly enjoy social life. Social network enable them to spare the trouble of heavy traffic in rush hours when they need to have contact with friends. Secondly, it is also a money-saver. Compared with the high cost of an official visit to someone or some place, chatting on-site or through telephone is much cheaper. If each company has an E-conference system, information sharing should never be a daydream in the era of information. Lastly, and most importantly, with the great help of new inventions, people may communicate with others without being limited to geographical difference. Namely, no matter where one stays, he or she can get in touch with people on the Internet at any time.
In summary, modem technologies are excellent assistants of our life and work, so it is wise to accept them and make full use of them properly.解析： 暂无解析 -
第19题：
问答题The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other her humans. But the most elementary form of moral reasoning is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. When that happens, it is not a mistake, it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.正确答案：
问题是:如对人的权利没有一致的意见,去争论动物的权利是没有结果的。只会一开始就把讨论引向极端。它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么对它们冷漠无情。这是一种错误的选择。有人认为从人与动物在各相关方面都不同,持这种极端看法的人会认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。任何对动物的遭遇的关心都被认为是错误的,是把自己的感情放错了地方,因为这种感情应当放到其他人身上。但是道德观的最基本一条是将心比心。对大多数人来说,看到动物受罪足以引起人的同情。这种反应并不是错误,而是人用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应当得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲笑。解析：
【翻译要点】
本题涉及到词类转换，词类转换主要是名词。相对说来，英语依靠名词组句要比汉语多一点，而汉语是通过动词的集结来表达的。这样在翻译中，就有一个转换的问题。该题第四句中提到extremists（极端分子），如不读原文，根本弄不懂“极端分子”指什么。显然是误译。从第二句提到的It leads the discussion to extremes，可知extremists of this kind是指“持这类极端观点的人”，并不是“极端分子”。英语中有用表示身份的名词来表达一个人的动作的特点，因此此处extremists不宜译成名词，而应译成动作意义：有人认为人与动物在各相关方面都不同，持这种极端看法就会认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。 -
第20题：
问答题Topic 4：Talk about Virtue Questions for reference: 1) What virtues can you name? 2) Which one do you think it the most important one? 3) What should we do in order to establish concept of honor and disgrace among people?正确答案： 【参考答案】
My name is... My registration number is... My topic is: Talk about Virtue.
We must uphold these core virtues including diligence, honesty, justice and responsibility. Traditionally, we Chinese admire the virtue of plain living and hard struggle. The vital importance is also placed on honesty and justice.
In my eyes, however, responsibility tops our priority. To shoulder some heavy responsibilities, we must keep a style of plain living and hard struggle. Responsibility also means honesty and justice. Everyone must assume a set of responsibilities. For example, we college students must take the responsibility for pursuing the impressive academic performance. But an army of students plant themselves in online games, an activity which compels them to shun huge responsibilities.
The virtue of responsibility is strongly associated with the “Eight Dos and Don’ts” moral campaign in full swing. Under this slogan, everyone must take on his/her own responsibilities and dedicate to his/her own position. Unquestionably, everyone must promote the socialist concept of honor and disgrace. 解析： 暂无解析 -
第21题：
单选题The paragraph before this passage most probably deals with ______.Aminor diseases other than colds
Bthe recommended treatment of colds
Ca factor that affects susceptibility to colds
Dmethods of preventing colds among elderly people
正确答案： A解析：
推断题。本文第一段第一句指出“易感染感冒的另一个重要因素是年龄”，从Another critical factor，可推断本文上一段很可能谈的也是“易感染感冒的重要因素”，故选C。 -
第22题：
单选题How should we understand the richness of these three civilizations according to the passage?AIt meant people’s ability to produce commodities.
BIt meant people’s ability to domesticate plants and animals.
CIn population it meant the ability to raise a ruling class.
DIn population it meant the ability to draw other peoples to the area.
正确答案： A解析：
推断题由题干定位到文章第五段。该段第二句提到，富裕被理解为人们大量生产产品和提供服务的能力——不仅仅是农业，还包括如金属冶炼、陶艺和商业能力，由此可见，A、B两项的表述过于片面，可排除。该段倒数第二句提到，产品的盈余为地区提供财富，吸引人们来到这里，选项D是对此句的曲解，故排除。该段第三句提到，人口上的富裕意味着他们有盈余来为所控制的城市和地区供养统治管理阶层，或许一支军队。由此可知，选项C符合文意，故答案为C项。 -
第23题：
问答题Follow-up questions: (1)Are you ready to achieve the instructed sales promotion target? (2) Which feature do you think is the most important for sales promotion? (3)As a young lady／guy, what kind of products attract you the most? (4) Compared with other products, which aspect of your product do you think is better? (5)Do you think it is wise for a company to set a low price to attract customers? Why or why not?正确答案：
【参考范例】
A: How do you think our product is better than our competitors’? In other words, what’s the selling point of our product?
B: Our product differentiates itself from others with superior quality at the same price.
A: Could you explain it more in detail?
B: You see, in comparison with competing products, ours has the advantage of being smaller and lighter. Furthermore, our product is easier to operate, so our customers agree on the greater convenience, particularly during traveling time.
A: Any other selling points?
B: Besides, our product has cute and colorful design. Therefore, teenagers are crazy about that.
A: Impressive. Well, now we can say quality is of prime importance, then how to guarantee our products’ quality?
B: First of all, Our production process observes relevant national technical standard strictly. In addition, quality control system is adopted in our management. Plus, we use the most advanced production line for the products. All these can guarantee the quality of the products and assure the best quality products for every customer.
A: So given our products’ superior quality, I guess our sale target is quite achievable.
B: I am optimistic about it, too.解析： 暂无解析