The time of voyage insurance with cargo on board will，in accordance with PICC Clauses， commence from the time of ________ ．A.unmooring at port of sailingB.weighing anchor at port of sailingC.loading at port of sailingD.sailing from port of sailing

Sue and Labor is to ______ a loss which would be recoverable under PICC Hull Insurance Clauses．

A.avert or minimize

B.increase or maximize

C.claim

D.indemnify

Where the contract is to insure the subject-matter at and from，or from one place to another or others，the policy is called a ______.

A.contract policy

B.insurance policy

C.time policy

D.voyage policy

The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence to ______．

A.make the ship seaworthy

B.prepare the cargo properly for the carriage

C.clean the holds before discharging the goods and/or after loading the goods

D.train crew members in accordance with all regulations concerned

______ cover loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by perils of the seas rivers lakes or other navigable waters．

A.INSTITUTE TIME CLAUSES-Hulls

B.INSTITUTE MARINE CARGO CLAUSES

C.P&I Clubs Terms and Conditions

D.York-Antwerp Rules 1974

The implied condition(s) with respect to the doctrine of deviation in a marine insurance policy is(are) ______.

A.that the cargo be discharged from the vessel with customary dispatch

B.that the voyage be commenced in a reasonable time

C.that the voyage be pursued over the usual and direct route

D.All of the above

During the voyage the ship encountered ______ winds and weather，during which time she labored heavily and to such extent that at times it was necessary to change courses and reduce speeds in order to ease her and prevent damage to herself and her cargo．

A.large

B.big

C.boisterous

D.high

PERSONAL INJURY TO OR ILLNESS OR LOSS OF LIFE OF CREW MEMBERS is likely covered by______．

A.INSTITUTE TIME CLAUSES-Hulls

B.INSTITUTE MARINE CARGO CLAUSES

C.P&I Clubs Terms and Conditions

D.York-Antwerp Rules 1974

材料：

By inserting in bills of lading such clauses as to state that the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage and is thus not a“carrier” within the meaning of the relevant national legislation or international conventions，time and voyage charterers purport to deny any liability under the contract of carriage，despite the reality of their involvement in the loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo，in choosing the ship&39;s route，in hiring the stevedores，and in many other facets of the ship&39;s operation．

Such clauses are effectively non-responsibility clauses which contravene the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules，the Hamburg Rules，which state that any clauses relieving or excluding the carrier from liability under a contract of carriage shall be null and void and of no effect．This position has been generally accepted by the courts of continental and civilian European countries，which have rightly viewed such clauses with suspicion as illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions．

问题：

The inserted clauses that state the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage are ________．

A.effective

B.within the meaning of Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules

C.null and void and of no effect

D.compulsory

According to the passage，the clauses mentioned above are ________．A.against the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules

B.ineffectively non-responsibility clauses

C.prepared by the courts of continental and civilian European countries

D.guidance for the operations of loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo

“This position”refers to ________．A.the tendency of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to deny the attempts by charterers to avoid their liability in the carriage of GOODs by sea

B.the consideration of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to accept the charterers' liability

C.the consideration of of the charterers to evade the mandatory application of the international conventions

D.the illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions

The effectively non-responsibility clauses ________．A.are suspected to be illegal

B.are mandatory application of the international conventions

C.have many facets of the ship's operation

D.have been excluded in continental and civilian European countries

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！